I recall as a teenager
sitting hunched, gripped and tearful over The
Mayor of Casterbridge. When I got to Henchard’s Testament on the final
page, I was distraught. But I also felt that my own Will would read like
Henchard’s and there was a masochistic pleasure in that.
I have re-read the book
over fifty years later, starting with some trepidation. I really did not want
to be reduced to helplessness. But I was curious to find out what had so moved
me at fifteen or sixteen.
The writing surprised
me. It was fast paced, not slow as I had expected. Things happen very quickly
and I can see how that is because this was a novel written for serial
publication. There are coincidences which we would find unacceptably
implausible in a modern novel, stage exits and entrances occurring with
pantomime artfulness.
I had forgotten that
the novel is not only the tragic tale of Michael Henchard but also the tale of
Elizabeth-Jane and it closes, after the Testament has been read, by settling her
into some kind of happiness. But it may be that I had forgotten because
Elizabeth-Jane had something in common with me as a teenager. Like many
Victorian children, she is a replacement child. The original – offspring of
Henchard and his wife Susan – died, to be replaced by the new version born of
Susan and the sea captain Newson. In the Victorian period, children frequently
died young and were often enough replaced by new versions bearing the same
name. Hardy’s entire narrative about Elizabeth-Jane rests on the plausible fact
– simply assumed in the narrative - that both she and her original bear the
same name. I was a replacement child too, very consciously so for my mother,
though I did not bear the name of the stillborn child who had preceded me. She
would have been called Elizabeth.
Henchard has much in
common with my father, whose meanness and aggression alienated both his wife
and his son, alienations which he then resented and sought revenge for. So that
also must have played its part in my teenage reading. Henchard is a less vengeful figure than my father, held back by the better side of his character which Hardy repeatedly emphasises. It is a requirement of tragedy that you do not feel that the victim deserves their fate.
Though Hardy’s novel
does not really have unity of time, it does of course have unity of place, and I guess
that for some readers it is the descriptions of Casterbridge [Dorchester] and
its rustic characters, decked in dialect and quaint vocabulary, which make the
novel. But even then, some of Hardy’s authorial comments and asides are not
without their contemporary relevance. The thought is attributed to Farfrae but
is really Hardy’s when he writes of the skimmity ride as animated by The tempting prospect of putting to the
blush people who stand at the head of affairs – that supreme and piquant
enjoyment of those who writhe under the heel of the same …(page 295 in my
edition)
